Introduction to Peripheral Interventional Therapy

Introduction to Peripheral Interventional Therapy

Peripheral Interventional Therapy is mainly used to treat Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), varicose veins, aneurysms, peripheral vascular stenosis, vascularization of tumors, peripheral artery diseases, and acute arterial occlusio. This minimally invasive technique addresses peripheral vascular issues by using catheters to intervene in the arteries and veins of the limbs. Thanks to its low trauma and quick recovery time, it has increasingly become the preferred choice for patients.

In recent years, the incidence of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) has also been rising. According to the "China Cardiovascular Disease Report 2021," there are approximately 6 million new patients each year. In 2020, around 300,000 peripheral interventional surgeries were performed in China, and this number is projected to reach 500,000 by 2025. This trend highlights the growing importance of peripheral interventional therapy in addressing vascular diseases.

Types of Peripheral Interventional Therapy

Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA)

 Indications: Suitable for peripheral artery stenosis and occlusion, particularly in diabetic patients and the elderly.

Advantages: Minimally invasive with a quick recovery, usually performed under local anesthesia, allowing patients to return to daily activities swiftly.

 Disadvantages: May be less effective for certain lesions (e.g., severe calcification) and carries a risk of restenosis after the procedure.

Stent Implantation

 Indications: Commonly used for arterial stenosis or occlusion, especially in patients with restenosis after PTA.

Advantages: Drug-coated stents can effectively reduce the risk of restenosis and provide lasting improvement in blood flow.

Disadvantages: Potential complications such as thrombosis or infection during the procedure, and patients require long-term anticoagulation therapy, adding to their medication burden.

Mechanical Thrombectomy

Indications: Designed for vascular obstructions caused by acute arterial thrombosis, such as lower limb embolism.

Advantages: Quickly restores blood flow and reduces the risk of tissue ischemia, potentially saving limbs.

Disadvantages: Requires high technical skill; improper technique may lead to vascular damage or incomplete removal of the thrombus, necessitating experienced operators.

Laser Angioplasty

 Indications: Suitable for complex arterial lesions, such as severe calcification or stenosis.

 Advantages: Laser can precisely vaporize diseased tissue, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue and ensuring high precision.

Disadvantages: Equipment can be costly, and there may be a risk of restenosis after the procedure, along with the need for specialized skills and tools.

Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques

 Indications: Widely applicable to various peripheral vascular lesions, especially those that are difficult to locate.

Advantages: Real-time imaging enhances safety and precision during procedures, potentially reducing complication rates.

Disadvantages: Requires specialized medical personnel, and equipment may be limited by the range of ultrasound visibility.

Peripheral interventional therapy, with its minimally invasive nature, broad indications, and clinical effectiveness, is gradually becoming the mainstream method for treating peripheral vascular diseases. As the volume of surgeries continues to rise and technologies advance, peripheral interventional therapy will provide high-quality medical services to an increasing number of patients, significantly improving their quality of life.

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